Changes in effort-reward imbalance at work and risk of onset of sleep disturbances in a population-based cohort of workers in Denmark
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Standard
Changes in effort-reward imbalance at work and risk of onset of sleep disturbances in a population-based cohort of workers in Denmark. / Nordentoft, Mads; Rod, Naja H; Bonde, Jens Peter; Bjorner, Jakob B; Cleal, Bryan; Madsen, Ida E H; Magnusson Hanson, Linda L; Nexo, Mette A; Sterud, Tom; Rugulies, Reiner.
In: Sleep Medicine: X, Vol. 2, 100021, 2020.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in effort-reward imbalance at work and risk of onset of sleep disturbances in a population-based cohort of workers in Denmark
AU - Nordentoft, Mads
AU - Rod, Naja H
AU - Bonde, Jens Peter
AU - Bjorner, Jakob B
AU - Cleal, Bryan
AU - Madsen, Ida E H
AU - Magnusson Hanson, Linda L
AU - Nexo, Mette A
AU - Sterud, Tom
AU - Rugulies, Reiner
N1 - © 2020 The Authors.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Objective/background: Associations between exposure to effort-reward imbalance at work (eg, high time pressure/low appreciation) and risk of sleep disturbances have been reported, but the direction of the effect is unclear. The present study investigated changes in effort-reward imbalance and risk of concomitant and subsequent onset of sleep disturbances.Methods: Participants with sleep disturbances at baseline were excluded. We included participants from a population-based cohort in Denmark (n = 8,464, 53.6% women, mean age = 46.6 years), with three repeated measurements (2012 (T0); 2014 (T1); 2016 (T2)). Changes in effort-reward imbalance (T0-T1) were categorized into 'increase', 'decrease' and 'no change'. Self-reported sleep disturbances (difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleep, daytime tiredness) were dichotomized (presence versus absence). We regressed concomitant (T1) and subsequent (T2) sleep disturbances on changes in effort-reward imbalance (T0-T1) and calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for sex, age, education and cohabitation.Results: At follow-up, 8.4% (T1) and 12.5% (T2) reported onset of sleep disturbances. Increased effort-reward imbalance was associated with concomitant sleep disturbances (T1) (OR = 3.16, 2.56-3.81), whereas decreased effort-reward imbalance was not (OR = 1.22, 0.91-1.63). There was no association between increased effort-reward imbalance and subsequent sleep disturbances (T2) (OR = 1.00, 0.74-1.37). Results were similar for men and women.Conclusions: Increased effort-reward imbalance was associated with a three-fold higher risk of concomitant onset of sleep disturbances at two-year follow-up, but not subsequent onset of sleep disturbances at four-year follow-up, indicating that changes in effort-reward imbalance have immediate rather than delayed effects on sleep impairment. It is possible that the results from the two-year follow-up were to some extent affected by reverse causality.
AB - Objective/background: Associations between exposure to effort-reward imbalance at work (eg, high time pressure/low appreciation) and risk of sleep disturbances have been reported, but the direction of the effect is unclear. The present study investigated changes in effort-reward imbalance and risk of concomitant and subsequent onset of sleep disturbances.Methods: Participants with sleep disturbances at baseline were excluded. We included participants from a population-based cohort in Denmark (n = 8,464, 53.6% women, mean age = 46.6 years), with three repeated measurements (2012 (T0); 2014 (T1); 2016 (T2)). Changes in effort-reward imbalance (T0-T1) were categorized into 'increase', 'decrease' and 'no change'. Self-reported sleep disturbances (difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep, non-restorative sleep, daytime tiredness) were dichotomized (presence versus absence). We regressed concomitant (T1) and subsequent (T2) sleep disturbances on changes in effort-reward imbalance (T0-T1) and calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for sex, age, education and cohabitation.Results: At follow-up, 8.4% (T1) and 12.5% (T2) reported onset of sleep disturbances. Increased effort-reward imbalance was associated with concomitant sleep disturbances (T1) (OR = 3.16, 2.56-3.81), whereas decreased effort-reward imbalance was not (OR = 1.22, 0.91-1.63). There was no association between increased effort-reward imbalance and subsequent sleep disturbances (T2) (OR = 1.00, 0.74-1.37). Results were similar for men and women.Conclusions: Increased effort-reward imbalance was associated with a three-fold higher risk of concomitant onset of sleep disturbances at two-year follow-up, but not subsequent onset of sleep disturbances at four-year follow-up, indicating that changes in effort-reward imbalance have immediate rather than delayed effects on sleep impairment. It is possible that the results from the two-year follow-up were to some extent affected by reverse causality.
U2 - 10.1016/j.sleepx.2020.100021
DO - 10.1016/j.sleepx.2020.100021
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33870174
VL - 2
JO - Sleep Medicine: X
JF - Sleep Medicine: X
SN - 2590-1427
M1 - 100021
ER -
ID: 286924940