TY - JOUR

T1 - Exogenous hormone use and cutaneous melanoma risk in women

T2 - The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

AU - Cervenka, Iris

AU - Al Rahmoun, Marie

AU - Mahamat-Saleh, Yahya

AU - Fournier, Agnès

AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine

AU - Severi, Gianluca

AU - Caini, Saverio

AU - Palli, Domenico

AU - Ghiasvand, Reza

AU - Veierod, Marit B.

AU - Botteri, Edoardo

AU - Tjønneland, Anne

AU - Olsen, Anja

AU - Fortner, Renée T.

AU - Kaaks, Rudolf

AU - Schulze, Matthias B.

AU - Panico, Salvatore

AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia

AU - Dessinioti, Clio

AU - Niforou, Katerina

AU - Sieri, Sabina

AU - Tumino, Rosario

AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta

AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas

AU - Sandanger, Torkjel M.

AU - Colorado-Yohar, Sandra

AU - Sánchez, Maria J.

AU - Gil Majuelo, Leire

AU - Lujan-Barroso, Leila

AU - Ardanaz, Eva

AU - Merino, Susana

AU - Isaksson, Karolin

AU - Butt, Salma

AU - Ljuslinder, Ingrid

AU - Jansson, Malin

AU - Travis, Ruth C.

AU - Khaw, Kay Tee

AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete

AU - Dossus, Laure

AU - Rinaldi, Sabina

AU - Kvaskoff, Marina

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country-specific self-administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992–2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline-significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (phomogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (ptrend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (phomogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations.

AB - Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country-specific self-administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992–2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline-significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (phomogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (ptrend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (phomogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations.

KW - cohort studies

KW - cutaneous melanoma

KW - epidemiology

KW - hormonal treatments

KW - menopausal hormone therapy

KW - oral contraceptives

U2 - 10.1002/ijc.32674

DO - 10.1002/ijc.32674

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 31506954

AN - SCOPUS:85074492255

VL - 146

SP - 3267

EP - 3280

JO - International Journal of Cancer

JF - International Journal of Cancer

SN - 0020-7136

IS - 12

ER -