Exposure determinants of cadmium in European mothers and their children
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Exposure determinants of cadmium in European mothers and their children. / Berglund, Marika; Larsson, Kristin; Grandér, Margaretha; Casteleyn, Ludwine; Kolossa-Gehring, Marike; Schwedler, Gerda; Castaño, Argelia; Esteban, Marta; Angerer, Jürgen; Koch, Holger M; Schindler, Birgit K; Schoeters, Greet; Smolders, Roel; Exley, Karen; Sepai, Ovnair; Blumen, Luies; Horvat, Milena; Knudsen, Lisbeth E.; Mørck, Thit A; Joas, Anke; Joas, Reinhard; Biot, Pierre; Aerts, Dominique; De Cremer, Koen; Van Overmeire, Ilse; Katsonouri, Andromachi; Hadjipanayis, Adamos; Cerna, Milena; Krskova, Andrea; Nielsen, Jeanette K S; Jensen, Janne Fangel; Rudnai, Peter; Kozepesy, Szilvia; Griffin, Chris; Nesbitt, Ian; Gutleb, Arno C; Fischer, Marc E; Ligocka, Danuta; Jakubowski, Marek; Reis, M Fátima; Namorado, Sónia; Lupsa, Ioana-Rodica; Gurzau, Anca E; Halzlova, Katarina; Jajcaj, Michal; Mazej, Darja; Tratnik, Janja Snoj; Lopez, Ana; Cañas, Ana; Lehmann, Andrea; Crettaz, Pierre; Hond, Elly Den; Govarts, Eva.
In: Environmental Research, Vol. 141, 08.2015, p. 69-76.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Exposure determinants of cadmium in European mothers and their children
AU - Berglund, Marika
AU - Larsson, Kristin
AU - Grandér, Margaretha
AU - Casteleyn, Ludwine
AU - Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
AU - Schwedler, Gerda
AU - Castaño, Argelia
AU - Esteban, Marta
AU - Angerer, Jürgen
AU - Koch, Holger M
AU - Schindler, Birgit K
AU - Schoeters, Greet
AU - Smolders, Roel
AU - Exley, Karen
AU - Sepai, Ovnair
AU - Blumen, Luies
AU - Horvat, Milena
AU - Knudsen, Lisbeth E.
AU - Mørck, Thit A
AU - Joas, Anke
AU - Joas, Reinhard
AU - Biot, Pierre
AU - Aerts, Dominique
AU - De Cremer, Koen
AU - Van Overmeire, Ilse
AU - Katsonouri, Andromachi
AU - Hadjipanayis, Adamos
AU - Cerna, Milena
AU - Krskova, Andrea
AU - Nielsen, Jeanette K S
AU - Jensen, Janne Fangel
AU - Rudnai, Peter
AU - Kozepesy, Szilvia
AU - Griffin, Chris
AU - Nesbitt, Ian
AU - Gutleb, Arno C
AU - Fischer, Marc E
AU - Ligocka, Danuta
AU - Jakubowski, Marek
AU - Reis, M Fátima
AU - Namorado, Sónia
AU - Lupsa, Ioana-Rodica
AU - Gurzau, Anca E
AU - Halzlova, Katarina
AU - Jajcaj, Michal
AU - Mazej, Darja
AU - Tratnik, Janja Snoj
AU - Lopez, Ana
AU - Cañas, Ana
AU - Lehmann, Andrea
AU - Crettaz, Pierre
AU - Hond, Elly Den
AU - Govarts, Eva
N1 - Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/8
Y1 - 2015/8
N2 - The metal cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant with documented adverse effects on the kidneys and bones from long-term environmental exposure, but with insufficiently elucidated public health consequences such as risk of cardiovascular disease, hormone-related cancer in adults and developmental effects in children. This study is the first pan-European human biomonitoring project that succeeded in performing harmonized measurements of Cd in urine in a comparable way in mother-child couples from 16 European countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the overall Cd exposure and significant determinants of Cd exposure. A study population of 1632 women (24-52 years of age), and 1689 children (5-12 years of age), from 32 rural and urban areas, was examined within a core period of 6 months in 2011-2012. Women were stratified as smokers and non-smokers. As expected, smoking mothers had higher geometric mean (gm) urinary cadmium (UCd; 0.24µg/g crea; n=360) than non-smoking mothers (gm 0.18µg/g crea; n=1272; p<0.0001), and children had lower UCd (gm 0.065µg/g crea; n=1689) than their mothers at the country level. Non-smoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home had 14% (95% CI 1-28%) higher UCd than those who were not exposed to ETS at home (p=0.04). No influence of ETS at home or other places on UCd levels was detected in children. Smoking women with primary education as the highest educational level of the household had 48% (95% CI 18-86%) higher UCd than those with tertiary education (p=0.0008). The same observation was seen in non-smoking women and in children; however they were not statistically significant. In children, living in a rural area was associated with 7% (95% CI 1-13%) higher UCd (p=0.03) compared to living in an urban area. Children, 9-12 years had 7% (95% CI 1-13%) higher UCd (p=0.04) than children 5-8 years. About 1% of the mothers, and 0.06% of the children, exceeded the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) appointed by EFSA, corresponding to 1.0µgCd/g crea in urine. Poland had the highest UCd in comparison between the 16 countries, while Denmark had the lowest. Whether the differences between countries are related to differences in the degree of environmental Cd contamination or to differences in lifestyle, socioeconomic status or dietary patterns is not clear.
AB - The metal cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant with documented adverse effects on the kidneys and bones from long-term environmental exposure, but with insufficiently elucidated public health consequences such as risk of cardiovascular disease, hormone-related cancer in adults and developmental effects in children. This study is the first pan-European human biomonitoring project that succeeded in performing harmonized measurements of Cd in urine in a comparable way in mother-child couples from 16 European countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the overall Cd exposure and significant determinants of Cd exposure. A study population of 1632 women (24-52 years of age), and 1689 children (5-12 years of age), from 32 rural and urban areas, was examined within a core period of 6 months in 2011-2012. Women were stratified as smokers and non-smokers. As expected, smoking mothers had higher geometric mean (gm) urinary cadmium (UCd; 0.24µg/g crea; n=360) than non-smoking mothers (gm 0.18µg/g crea; n=1272; p<0.0001), and children had lower UCd (gm 0.065µg/g crea; n=1689) than their mothers at the country level. Non-smoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home had 14% (95% CI 1-28%) higher UCd than those who were not exposed to ETS at home (p=0.04). No influence of ETS at home or other places on UCd levels was detected in children. Smoking women with primary education as the highest educational level of the household had 48% (95% CI 18-86%) higher UCd than those with tertiary education (p=0.0008). The same observation was seen in non-smoking women and in children; however they were not statistically significant. In children, living in a rural area was associated with 7% (95% CI 1-13%) higher UCd (p=0.03) compared to living in an urban area. Children, 9-12 years had 7% (95% CI 1-13%) higher UCd (p=0.04) than children 5-8 years. About 1% of the mothers, and 0.06% of the children, exceeded the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) appointed by EFSA, corresponding to 1.0µgCd/g crea in urine. Poland had the highest UCd in comparison between the 16 countries, while Denmark had the lowest. Whether the differences between countries are related to differences in the degree of environmental Cd contamination or to differences in lifestyle, socioeconomic status or dietary patterns is not clear.
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.042
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.042
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 25465922
VL - 141
SP - 69
EP - 76
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
SN - 0013-9351
ER -
ID: 137756756