Fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
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Fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). / Boffetta, Paolo; Couto, Elisabeth; Wichmann, Janine; Ferrari, Pietro; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas; van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B; Büchner, Frederike L; Key, Tim; Boeing, Heiner; Nöthlings, Ute; Linseisen, Jakob; Gonzalez, Carlos A; Overvad, Kim; Nielsen, Michael R S; Tjønneland, Anne; Olsen, Anja; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise; Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine; Morois, Sophie; Lagiou, Pagona; Naska, Androniki; Benetou, Vassiliki; Kaaks, Rudolf; Rohrmann, Sabine; Panico, Salvatore; Sieri, Sabina; Vineis, Paolo; Palli, Domenico; van Gils, Carla H; Peeters, Petra H; Lund, Eiliv; Brustad, Magritt; Engeset, Dagrun; Huerta, José María; Rodríguez, Laudina; Sanchez, Maria-José; Dorronsoro, Miren; Barricarte, Aurelio; Hallmans, Göran; Johansson, Ingegerd; Manjer, Jonas; Sonestedt, Emily; Allen, Naomi E; Bingham, Sheila; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Slimani, Nadia; Jenab, Mazda; Mouw, Traci; Norat, Teresa; Riboli, Elio; Trichopoulou, Antonia.
In: JNCI - Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 102, No. 8, 2010, p. 529-37.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
AU - Boffetta, Paolo
AU - Couto, Elisabeth
AU - Wichmann, Janine
AU - Ferrari, Pietro
AU - Trichopoulos, Dimitrios
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas
AU - van Duijnhoven, Fränzel J B
AU - Büchner, Frederike L
AU - Key, Tim
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Nöthlings, Ute
AU - Linseisen, Jakob
AU - Gonzalez, Carlos A
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Nielsen, Michael R S
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Olsen, Anja
AU - Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
AU - Morois, Sophie
AU - Lagiou, Pagona
AU - Naska, Androniki
AU - Benetou, Vassiliki
AU - Kaaks, Rudolf
AU - Rohrmann, Sabine
AU - Panico, Salvatore
AU - Sieri, Sabina
AU - Vineis, Paolo
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - van Gils, Carla H
AU - Peeters, Petra H
AU - Lund, Eiliv
AU - Brustad, Magritt
AU - Engeset, Dagrun
AU - Huerta, José María
AU - Rodríguez, Laudina
AU - Sanchez, Maria-José
AU - Dorronsoro, Miren
AU - Barricarte, Aurelio
AU - Hallmans, Göran
AU - Johansson, Ingegerd
AU - Manjer, Jonas
AU - Sonestedt, Emily
AU - Allen, Naomi E
AU - Bingham, Sheila
AU - Khaw, Kay-Tee
AU - Slimani, Nadia
AU - Jenab, Mazda
AU - Mouw, Traci
AU - Norat, Teresa
AU - Riboli, Elio
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
N1 - Keywords: Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Europe; Female; Food Habits; Fruit; Humans; Incidence; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Observer Variation; Odds Ratio; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires; Registries; Research Design; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Vegetables
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - BACKGROUND: It is widely believed that cancer can be prevented by high intake of fruits and vegetables. However, inconsistent results from many studies have not been able to conclusively establish an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a prospective analysis of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort to assess relationships between intake of total fruits, total vegetables, and total fruits and vegetables combined and cancer risk during 1992-2000. Detailed information on the dietary habit and lifestyle variables of the cohort was obtained. Cancer incidence and mortality data were ascertained, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. Analyses were also conducted for cancers associated with tobacco and alcohol after stratification for tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: Of the initial 142 605 men and 335 873 women included in the study, 9604 men and 21 000 women were identified with cancer after a median follow-up of 8.7 years. The crude cancer incidence rates were 7.9 per 1000 person-years in men and 7.1 per 1000 person-years in women. Associations between reduced cancer risk and increased intake of total fruits and vegetables combined and total vegetables for the entire cohort were similar (200 g/d increased intake of fruits and vegetables combined, HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96 to 0.99; 100 g/d increased intake of total vegetables, HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.99); intake of fruits showed a weaker inverse association (100 g/d increased intake of total fruits, HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.00). The reduced risk of cancer associated with high vegetable intake was restricted to women (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.99). Stratification by alcohol intake suggested a stronger reduction in risk in heavy drinkers and was confined to cancers caused by smoking and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: A very small inverse association between intake of total fruits and vegetables and cancer risk was observed in this study. Given the small magnitude of the observed associations, caution should be applied in their interpretation.
AB - BACKGROUND: It is widely believed that cancer can be prevented by high intake of fruits and vegetables. However, inconsistent results from many studies have not been able to conclusively establish an inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and overall cancer risk. METHODS: We conducted a prospective analysis of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort to assess relationships between intake of total fruits, total vegetables, and total fruits and vegetables combined and cancer risk during 1992-2000. Detailed information on the dietary habit and lifestyle variables of the cohort was obtained. Cancer incidence and mortality data were ascertained, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. Analyses were also conducted for cancers associated with tobacco and alcohol after stratification for tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. RESULTS: Of the initial 142 605 men and 335 873 women included in the study, 9604 men and 21 000 women were identified with cancer after a median follow-up of 8.7 years. The crude cancer incidence rates were 7.9 per 1000 person-years in men and 7.1 per 1000 person-years in women. Associations between reduced cancer risk and increased intake of total fruits and vegetables combined and total vegetables for the entire cohort were similar (200 g/d increased intake of fruits and vegetables combined, HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96 to 0.99; 100 g/d increased intake of total vegetables, HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.99); intake of fruits showed a weaker inverse association (100 g/d increased intake of total fruits, HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.00). The reduced risk of cancer associated with high vegetable intake was restricted to women (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.99). Stratification by alcohol intake suggested a stronger reduction in risk in heavy drinkers and was confined to cancers caused by smoking and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: A very small inverse association between intake of total fruits and vegetables and cancer risk was observed in this study. Given the small magnitude of the observed associations, caution should be applied in their interpretation.
U2 - 10.1093/jnci/djq072
DO - 10.1093/jnci/djq072
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 20371762
VL - 102
SP - 529
EP - 537
JO - National Cancer Institute. Journal (Print)
JF - National Cancer Institute. Journal (Print)
SN - 0027-8874
IS - 8
ER -
ID: 20244839