TY - JOUR

T1 - Plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

AU - Kyrø, Cecilie

AU - Olsen, Anja

AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B As

AU - Skeie, Guri

AU - Loft, Steffen

AU - Åman, Per

AU - Leenders, Max

AU - Dik, Vincent K

AU - Siersema, Peter D

AU - Pischon, Tobias

AU - Christensen, Jane

AU - Overvad, Kim

AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine

AU - Fagherazzi, Guy

AU - Cottet, Vanessa

AU - Kühn, Tilman

AU - Chang-Claude, Jenny

AU - Boeing, Heiner

AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia

AU - Naska, Androniki

AU - Oikonomidou, Despoina

AU - Masala, Giovanna

AU - Pala, Valeria

AU - Tumino, Rosario

AU - Vineis, Paolo

AU - Mattiello, Amalia

AU - Peeters, Petra H

AU - Bakken, Toril

AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete

AU - Asli, Lene Angell

AU - Sánchez, Soledad

AU - Jakszyn, Paula

AU - Sánchez, María-José

AU - Amiano, Pilar

AU - Huerta, José María

AU - Barricarte, Aurelio

AU - Ljuslinder, Ingrid

AU - Palmqvist, Richard

AU - Khaw, Kay-Tee

AU - Wareham, Nick

AU - Key, Timothy J

AU - Travis, Ruth C

AU - Slimani, Nadia

AU - Freisling, Heinz

AU - Ferrari, Pietro

AU - Gunter, Marc J

AU - Murphy, Neil

AU - Riboli, Elio

AU - Tjønneland, Anne

AU - Landberg, Rikard

PY - 2014/5/28

Y1 - 2014/5/28

N2 - Whole-grain intake has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of several lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, CVD and some types of cancers. As measurement errors in self-reported whole-grain intake assessments can be substantial, dietary biomarkers are relevant to be used as complementary tools for dietary intake assessment. Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids found almost exclusively in whole-grain wheat and rye products among the commonly consumed foods and are considered as valid biomarkers of the intake of these products. In the present study, we analysed the plasma concentrations of five AR homologues in 2845 participants from ten European countries from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. High concentrations of plasma total AR were found in participants from Scandinavia and Central Europe and lower concentrations in those from the Mediterranean countries. The geometric mean plasma total AR concentrations were between 35 and 41 nmol/l in samples drawn from fasting participants in the Central European and Scandinavian countries and below 23 nmol/l in those of participants from the Mediterranean countries. The whole-grain source (wheat or rye) could be determined using the ratio of two of the homologues. The main source was wheat in Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK, whereas rye was also consumed in considerable amounts in Germany, Denmark and Sweden. The present study demonstrates a considerable variation in the plasma concentrations of total AR and concentrations of AR homologues across ten European countries, reflecting both quantitative and qualitative differences in the intake of whole-grain wheat and rye.

AB - Whole-grain intake has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of several lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, CVD and some types of cancers. As measurement errors in self-reported whole-grain intake assessments can be substantial, dietary biomarkers are relevant to be used as complementary tools for dietary intake assessment. Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids found almost exclusively in whole-grain wheat and rye products among the commonly consumed foods and are considered as valid biomarkers of the intake of these products. In the present study, we analysed the plasma concentrations of five AR homologues in 2845 participants from ten European countries from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. High concentrations of plasma total AR were found in participants from Scandinavia and Central Europe and lower concentrations in those from the Mediterranean countries. The geometric mean plasma total AR concentrations were between 35 and 41 nmol/l in samples drawn from fasting participants in the Central European and Scandinavian countries and below 23 nmol/l in those of participants from the Mediterranean countries. The whole-grain source (wheat or rye) could be determined using the ratio of two of the homologues. The main source was wheat in Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK, whereas rye was also consumed in considerable amounts in Germany, Denmark and Sweden. The present study demonstrates a considerable variation in the plasma concentrations of total AR and concentrations of AR homologues across ten European countries, reflecting both quantitative and qualitative differences in the intake of whole-grain wheat and rye.

KW - Aged

KW - Biological Markers

KW - Case-Control Studies

KW - Colorectal Neoplasms

KW - Diet

KW - Dietary Fiber

KW - Europe

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Prospective Studies

KW - Resorcinols

KW - Secale cereale

KW - Triticum

U2 - 10.1017/S0007114513004388

DO - 10.1017/S0007114513004388

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 24521535

VL - 111

SP - 1881

EP - 1890

JO - British Journal of Nutrition

JF - British Journal of Nutrition

SN - 0007-1145

IS - 10

ER -