Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and body mass index in the Inter99 study: Is underreporting a problem?

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Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and body mass index in the Inter99 study : Is underreporting a problem? / Lau, Cathrine; Toft, Ulla; Tetens, Inge; Richelsen, Bjørn; Jørgensen, Torben; Borch-Johnsen, Knut; Glümer, Charlotte.

In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 84, No. 3, 2006, p. 641-645.

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articlepeer-review

Harvard

Lau, C, Toft, U, Tetens, I, Richelsen, B, Jørgensen, T, Borch-Johnsen, K & Glümer, C 2006, 'Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and body mass index in the Inter99 study: Is underreporting a problem?', American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 641-645. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.3.641

APA

Lau, C., Toft, U., Tetens, I., Richelsen, B., Jørgensen, T., Borch-Johnsen, K., & Glümer, C. (2006). Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and body mass index in the Inter99 study: Is underreporting a problem? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84(3), 641-645. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.3.641

Vancouver

Lau C, Toft U, Tetens I, Richelsen B, Jørgensen T, Borch-Johnsen K et al. Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and body mass index in the Inter99 study: Is underreporting a problem? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006;84(3):641-645. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.3.641

Author

Lau, Cathrine ; Toft, Ulla ; Tetens, Inge ; Richelsen, Bjørn ; Jørgensen, Torben ; Borch-Johnsen, Knut ; Glümer, Charlotte. / Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and body mass index in the Inter99 study : Is underreporting a problem?. In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006 ; Vol. 84, No. 3. pp. 641-645.

Bibtex

@article{aa013743404c4a17bc8e303958e702e8,
title = "Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and body mass index in the Inter99 study: Is underreporting a problem?",
abstract = "Background: The few studies examining the potential associations between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and body mass index (BMI) have provided no clear pictures. Underreporting of energy intake may be one explanation for this. Objective: We examined the associations between GI, GL, and BMI by focusing on the confounding factor of total energy intake and the effect of exclusion of low energy reporters (LERs). Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 6334 subjects aged 30-60 y. Dietary intake was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire. GI and GL were estimated by using white bread as the reference food. Underreporting of energy intake was assessed as reported energy intake divided by basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR); LERs were defined as those having an EI/BMR < 1.14. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were used to test for associations between GI, GL, and BMI. The confounders were sex, age, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and energy intake. All analyses were conducted on 1) the entire population and 2) a sub-sample excluding LERs. Results: In the univariate analyses of the entire population, GL was inversely associated with BMI. No association was observed for GI. After full adjustment (including energy intake), both GI and GL were positively associated with BMI. When LERs were excluded, GL was positively associated with BMI in all analyses, and GI was positively associated with BMI in the multiple analyses. Conclusions: We showed a positive association between GI, GL, and BMI. Energy adjustment and the exclusion of LERs significantly affected the results of the analysis; thus, we stress the importance of energy adjustment.",
keywords = "BMI, Glycemic index, Glycemic load, Population-based study, Underreporting",
author = "Cathrine Lau and Ulla Toft and Inge Tetens and Bj{\o}rn Richelsen and Torben J{\o}rgensen and Knut Borch-Johnsen and Charlotte Gl{\"u}mer",
note = "(Ekstern)",
year = "2006",
doi = "10.1093/ajcn/84.3.641",
language = "English",
volume = "84",
pages = "641--645",
journal = "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition",
issn = "0002-9165",
publisher = "American Society for Nutrition",
number = "3",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and body mass index in the Inter99 study

T2 - Is underreporting a problem?

AU - Lau, Cathrine

AU - Toft, Ulla

AU - Tetens, Inge

AU - Richelsen, Bjørn

AU - Jørgensen, Torben

AU - Borch-Johnsen, Knut

AU - Glümer, Charlotte

N1 - (Ekstern)

PY - 2006

Y1 - 2006

N2 - Background: The few studies examining the potential associations between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and body mass index (BMI) have provided no clear pictures. Underreporting of energy intake may be one explanation for this. Objective: We examined the associations between GI, GL, and BMI by focusing on the confounding factor of total energy intake and the effect of exclusion of low energy reporters (LERs). Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 6334 subjects aged 30-60 y. Dietary intake was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire. GI and GL were estimated by using white bread as the reference food. Underreporting of energy intake was assessed as reported energy intake divided by basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR); LERs were defined as those having an EI/BMR < 1.14. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were used to test for associations between GI, GL, and BMI. The confounders were sex, age, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and energy intake. All analyses were conducted on 1) the entire population and 2) a sub-sample excluding LERs. Results: In the univariate analyses of the entire population, GL was inversely associated with BMI. No association was observed for GI. After full adjustment (including energy intake), both GI and GL were positively associated with BMI. When LERs were excluded, GL was positively associated with BMI in all analyses, and GI was positively associated with BMI in the multiple analyses. Conclusions: We showed a positive association between GI, GL, and BMI. Energy adjustment and the exclusion of LERs significantly affected the results of the analysis; thus, we stress the importance of energy adjustment.

AB - Background: The few studies examining the potential associations between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and body mass index (BMI) have provided no clear pictures. Underreporting of energy intake may be one explanation for this. Objective: We examined the associations between GI, GL, and BMI by focusing on the confounding factor of total energy intake and the effect of exclusion of low energy reporters (LERs). Design: This was a cross-sectional study of 6334 subjects aged 30-60 y. Dietary intake was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire. GI and GL were estimated by using white bread as the reference food. Underreporting of energy intake was assessed as reported energy intake divided by basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR); LERs were defined as those having an EI/BMR < 1.14. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were used to test for associations between GI, GL, and BMI. The confounders were sex, age, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and energy intake. All analyses were conducted on 1) the entire population and 2) a sub-sample excluding LERs. Results: In the univariate analyses of the entire population, GL was inversely associated with BMI. No association was observed for GI. After full adjustment (including energy intake), both GI and GL were positively associated with BMI. When LERs were excluded, GL was positively associated with BMI in all analyses, and GI was positively associated with BMI in the multiple analyses. Conclusions: We showed a positive association between GI, GL, and BMI. Energy adjustment and the exclusion of LERs significantly affected the results of the analysis; thus, we stress the importance of energy adjustment.

KW - BMI

KW - Glycemic index

KW - Glycemic load

KW - Population-based study

KW - Underreporting

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33750127696&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.641

DO - 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.641

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 16960180

AN - SCOPUS:33750127696

VL - 84

SP - 641

EP - 645

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

SN - 0002-9165

IS - 3

ER -

ID: 253135384