Low-level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives
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Low-level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives. / Lundov, M D; Johansen, J D; Zachariae, C; Moesby, Lise.
In: International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2011, p. 190-6.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives
AU - Lundov, M D
AU - Johansen, J D
AU - Zachariae, C
AU - Moesby, Lise
N1 - © 2011 The Authors. ICS © 2011 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Preservation using combinations of preservatives has several advantages. This study shows that the concentration of some of the most frequently used allergenic preservatives can be markedly lowered when they are combined with phenoxyethanol. The antimicrobial efficacy of cosmetic preservatives and known allergens of various potency [diazolidinyl urea, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), methylisothiazolinone (MI) and phenoxyethanol] was tested alone and in various combinations of two or three preservatives together. The preservatives were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and possible synergy using fractional inhibitory concentration. MCI/MI was the only preservative showing low-level MIC against all four tested microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Different combinations of the preservatives indicated additive effects against the microorganisms. No combination of preservatives showed any inhibitory action on each other. Challenge tests with different concentrations and combinations were performed in a cosmetic cream. Diazolidinyl urea and MCI/MI alone were ineffective against C. albicans in a challenge test at concentrations up to 16 times higher than the observed MIC values. When combining phenoxyethanol with either one of the allergenic preservatives diazolidinyl urea, MCI/MI or MI, the cosmetic cream was adequately preserved at concentrations well below the preservatives' MIC values as well as 10-20 times below the maximum permitted concentrations. By using combinations of preservatives, effective preservation can be achieved with lower concentrations of allergenic preservatives.
AB - Preservation using combinations of preservatives has several advantages. This study shows that the concentration of some of the most frequently used allergenic preservatives can be markedly lowered when they are combined with phenoxyethanol. The antimicrobial efficacy of cosmetic preservatives and known allergens of various potency [diazolidinyl urea, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), methylisothiazolinone (MI) and phenoxyethanol] was tested alone and in various combinations of two or three preservatives together. The preservatives were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and possible synergy using fractional inhibitory concentration. MCI/MI was the only preservative showing low-level MIC against all four tested microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Different combinations of the preservatives indicated additive effects against the microorganisms. No combination of preservatives showed any inhibitory action on each other. Challenge tests with different concentrations and combinations were performed in a cosmetic cream. Diazolidinyl urea and MCI/MI alone were ineffective against C. albicans in a challenge test at concentrations up to 16 times higher than the observed MIC values. When combining phenoxyethanol with either one of the allergenic preservatives diazolidinyl urea, MCI/MI or MI, the cosmetic cream was adequately preserved at concentrations well below the preservatives' MIC values as well as 10-20 times below the maximum permitted concentrations. By using combinations of preservatives, effective preservation can be achieved with lower concentrations of allergenic preservatives.
KW - Anti-Infective Agents
KW - Candida albicans
KW - Cosmetics
KW - Humans
KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
KW - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
KW - Staphylococcus aureus
KW - Former Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
U2 - 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00619.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00619.x
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 21272037
VL - 33
SP - 190
EP - 196
JO - International Journal of Cosmetic Science
JF - International Journal of Cosmetic Science
SN - 0142-5463
IS - 2
ER -
ID: 38100112