Medical science and technology studies (STS) can be understood as a forum for scholars with backgrounds in many different disciplines who study how social, political, and cultural practices shape medical research, technological innovation, clinical routines, and understandings of health and illness—and how these in turn affect society, politics, and culture. It is also a field where scholars often seek to transgress the implicit bifurcation between “medicine” and “society” implied in the previous sentence. This entry outlines key sources of inspiration for the field and describes different ways in which medical STS scholars construe their objects of study, before reflecting on the exchanges and mutual influences of anthropology and STS in relation to the study of medicine, health, and health care