MicroRNAs as regulators of beta-cell function and dysfunction
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MicroRNAs as regulators of beta-cell function and dysfunction. / Osmai, Mirwais; Osmai, Yama; Bang-Berthelsen, Claus Heiner; Pallesen, Emil Marek Heymans; Vestergaard, Anna Lindeløv; Novotny, Guy Wayne; Pociot, Flemming; Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas.
In: Diabetes - Metabolism: Research and Reviews (Print Edition), Vol. 32, No. 4, 05.2016, p. 334–349.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - MicroRNAs as regulators of beta-cell function and dysfunction
AU - Osmai, Mirwais
AU - Osmai, Yama
AU - Bang-Berthelsen, Claus Heiner
AU - Pallesen, Emil Marek Heymans
AU - Vestergaard, Anna Lindeløv
AU - Novotny, Guy Wayne
AU - Pociot, Flemming
AU - Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas
PY - 2016/5
Y1 - 2016/5
N2 - In the last decade, there has been an explosion in both the number of and knowledge about miRNAs associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Even though we are presently in the initial stages of understanding how this novel class of posttranscriptional regulators are involved in diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are important regulators of the islet transcriptome, controlling apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation, as well as regulating unique islet and beta-cell functions and pathways such as insulin expression, processing and secretion. Furthermore, a large number of miRNAs have been linked to diabetogenic processes induced by elevated levels of glucose, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, miRNAs are novel therapeutic targets with the potential of protecting the beta-cell, and there is proof of principle that miRNA antagonists, so-called antagomirs, are effective in vivo for other disorders. miRNAs are exported out of cells in exosomes, raising the intriguing possibility of cell-to-cell communication between distant tissues via miRNAs and that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of beta-cell function, mass and survival. The purpose of this review is to provide a status on how miRNAs control beta-cell function and viability in health and disease.
AB - In the last decade, there has been an explosion in both the number of and knowledge about miRNAs associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Even though we are presently in the initial stages of understanding how this novel class of posttranscriptional regulators are involved in diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are important regulators of the islet transcriptome, controlling apoptosis, differentiation and proliferation, as well as regulating unique islet and beta-cell functions and pathways such as insulin expression, processing and secretion. Furthermore, a large number of miRNAs have been linked to diabetogenic processes induced by elevated levels of glucose, free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. Thus, miRNAs are novel therapeutic targets with the potential of protecting the beta-cell, and there is proof of principle that miRNA antagonists, so-called antagomirs, are effective in vivo for other disorders. miRNAs are exported out of cells in exosomes, raising the intriguing possibility of cell-to-cell communication between distant tissues via miRNAs and that miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of beta-cell function, mass and survival. The purpose of this review is to provide a status on how miRNAs control beta-cell function and viability in health and disease.
KW - Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
KW - miRNA
KW - diabetes
KW - apoptosis
KW - Islets of Langerhans
KW - Insulin
KW - beta cell
U2 - 10.1002/dmrr.2719
DO - 10.1002/dmrr.2719
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26418758
VL - 32
SP - 334
EP - 349
JO - Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
JF - Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
SN - 1520-7552
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 143056487