The role of parental education on the relationship between gestational age and school outcomes
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The role of parental education on the relationship between gestational age and school outcomes. / Bilsteen, Josephine Funck; Ekstrøm, Claus Thorn; Børch, Klaus; Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie.
In: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Vol. 35, No. 6, 2021, p. 726-735.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of parental education on the relationship between gestational age and school outcomes
AU - Bilsteen, Josephine Funck
AU - Ekstrøm, Claus Thorn
AU - Børch, Klaus
AU - Nybo Andersen, Anne-Marie
N1 - © 2021 The Authors. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - BACKGROUND: Individuals born preterm may experience difficulties beyond the neonatal period, such as poorer school outcomes. However, whether these outcomes are modified by family factors is less well-known.OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether parental educational level modify the relationship of gestational age with completion of final examinations and grade point average in compulsory education.METHODS: This nationwide register-based cohort study included singletons born in Denmark during 1995-2001. We investigated the differences in the associations between gestational age (24-44 weeks) and two school outcomes at 16 years according to parental educational level (lower (≤10 years), intermediate (11-13 years), and higher (>13 years)). Mixed-effect logistic regression and mixed-effect linear regression were used to model completion of final examination and grade point average, respectively.RESULTS: Of the 425 101 singletons, 4.7% were born before 37 weeks. The risk of not completing final examination increased with shorter gestational age and lower parental educational level. For instance, among adolescents whose parents had a lower educational level, the risk increased from 23.9% (95% CI, 23.1, 24.6) for those born in week 40 to 36.6% (95% CI, 31.5, 42.1) for those born in week 28. For adolescents whose parents had a higher educational level, the corresponding risk increase was 5.9% (95% CI, 5.7, 6.1) to 10.5% (95% CI, 8.6, 12.8), respectively. Grade point average decreased with shorter gestational age in adolescents born before 30 weeks and with lower parental educational level. The associations between gestational age and grade point average were similar across parental educational levels. For completions of final examination, the associations with gestational age were weaker with higher parental educational level.CONCLUSIONS: Shorter gestational age and lower parental educational level were associated with poorer school outcomes. Our findings suggest that parental educational level mitigates the adverse effects of shorter gestational age on some school outcomes.
AB - BACKGROUND: Individuals born preterm may experience difficulties beyond the neonatal period, such as poorer school outcomes. However, whether these outcomes are modified by family factors is less well-known.OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether parental educational level modify the relationship of gestational age with completion of final examinations and grade point average in compulsory education.METHODS: This nationwide register-based cohort study included singletons born in Denmark during 1995-2001. We investigated the differences in the associations between gestational age (24-44 weeks) and two school outcomes at 16 years according to parental educational level (lower (≤10 years), intermediate (11-13 years), and higher (>13 years)). Mixed-effect logistic regression and mixed-effect linear regression were used to model completion of final examination and grade point average, respectively.RESULTS: Of the 425 101 singletons, 4.7% were born before 37 weeks. The risk of not completing final examination increased with shorter gestational age and lower parental educational level. For instance, among adolescents whose parents had a lower educational level, the risk increased from 23.9% (95% CI, 23.1, 24.6) for those born in week 40 to 36.6% (95% CI, 31.5, 42.1) for those born in week 28. For adolescents whose parents had a higher educational level, the corresponding risk increase was 5.9% (95% CI, 5.7, 6.1) to 10.5% (95% CI, 8.6, 12.8), respectively. Grade point average decreased with shorter gestational age in adolescents born before 30 weeks and with lower parental educational level. The associations between gestational age and grade point average were similar across parental educational levels. For completions of final examination, the associations with gestational age were weaker with higher parental educational level.CONCLUSIONS: Shorter gestational age and lower parental educational level were associated with poorer school outcomes. Our findings suggest that parental educational level mitigates the adverse effects of shorter gestational age on some school outcomes.
U2 - 10.1111/ppe.12766
DO - 10.1111/ppe.12766
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34080707
VL - 35
SP - 726
EP - 735
JO - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology (Online)
JF - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology (Online)
SN - 1365-3016
IS - 6
ER -
ID: 271838000