Interaction of Vitamin D and Smoking on Inflammatory Markers in the Urban Elderly
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Interaction of Vitamin D and Smoking on Inflammatory Markers in the Urban Elderly. / Lee, Hyemi; Kim, Kyoung-Nam; Lim, Youn-Hee; Hong, Yun-Chul.
In: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 48, No. 5, 2015, p. 249-256.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Interaction of Vitamin D and Smoking on Inflammatory Markers in the Urban Elderly
AU - Lee, Hyemi
AU - Kim, Kyoung-Nam
AU - Lim, Youn-Hee
AU - Hong, Yun-Chul
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammatory disease. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for inflammation. However, few studies have investigated the interactive effect of vitamin D deficiency and smoking on inflammation. This study aims to investigate the interaction of vitamin D and smoking with inflammatory markers in the urban elderly.METHODS: We used data from the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel Study, which began in August 2008 and ended in August 2010, and included 560 Koreans ≥60 years old living in Seoul. Data was collected via questionnaires that included items about smoking status at the first visit. Vitamin D levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were repeatedly measured up to three times.RESULTS: The association of vitamin D and hs-CRP was significant after adjusting for known confounders (β=-0.080, p=0.041). After separate analysis by smoking status, the association of vitamin D deficiency and hs-CRP in smokers was stronger than that in nonsmokers (smokers: β=-0.375, p=0.013; non-smokers: β=-0.060, p=0.150). Smoking status was an effect modifier that changed the association between vitamin D deficiency and hs-CRP (interaction estimate: β=-0.254, p=0.032). Vitamin D was not significantly associated with WBC count (β=0.003, p=0.805).CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was associated with hs-CRP in the urban elderly. Smoking status was an effect modifier of this association. Vitamin D deficiency was not significantly associated with WBC count.
AB - OBJECTIVES: Epidemiological studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammatory disease. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for inflammation. However, few studies have investigated the interactive effect of vitamin D deficiency and smoking on inflammation. This study aims to investigate the interaction of vitamin D and smoking with inflammatory markers in the urban elderly.METHODS: We used data from the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel Study, which began in August 2008 and ended in August 2010, and included 560 Koreans ≥60 years old living in Seoul. Data was collected via questionnaires that included items about smoking status at the first visit. Vitamin D levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) counts were repeatedly measured up to three times.RESULTS: The association of vitamin D and hs-CRP was significant after adjusting for known confounders (β=-0.080, p=0.041). After separate analysis by smoking status, the association of vitamin D deficiency and hs-CRP in smokers was stronger than that in nonsmokers (smokers: β=-0.375, p=0.013; non-smokers: β=-0.060, p=0.150). Smoking status was an effect modifier that changed the association between vitamin D deficiency and hs-CRP (interaction estimate: β=-0.254, p=0.032). Vitamin D was not significantly associated with WBC count (β=0.003, p=0.805).CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was associated with hs-CRP in the urban elderly. Smoking status was an effect modifier of this association. Vitamin D deficiency was not significantly associated with WBC count.
KW - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2/blood
KW - Aged
KW - Biomarkers/blood
KW - Body Mass Index
KW - C-Reactive Protein/analysis
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Inflammation
KW - Leukocyte Count
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Smoking
KW - Urban Population
KW - Vitamin D/blood
KW - Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnosis
U2 - 10.3961/jpmph.15.042
DO - 10.3961/jpmph.15.042
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26429291
VL - 48
SP - 249
EP - 256
JO - Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
JF - Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
SN - 1975-8375
IS - 5
ER -
ID: 230069920