Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study
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Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study. / Heldarskard, Gerda Ferja; Spangmose, Anne Lærke; Henningsen, Anna-Karina Aaris; Wiingreen, Rikke; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Gundersen, Tina Wullum; Jensen, Rikke Beck; Knorr, Sine; Damm, Peter; Forman, Julie Lyng; Pinborg, Anja; Clausen, Tine Dalsgaard.
In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Vol. 106, No. 11, 2021, p. e4554–e4564.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Academic performance in adolescents born to mothers with gestational diabetes - a national Danish cohort study
AU - Heldarskard, Gerda Ferja
AU - Spangmose, Anne Lærke
AU - Henningsen, Anna-Karina Aaris
AU - Wiingreen, Rikke
AU - Mortensen, Erik Lykke
AU - Gundersen, Tina Wullum
AU - Jensen, Rikke Beck
AU - Knorr, Sine
AU - Damm, Peter
AU - Forman, Julie Lyng
AU - Pinborg, Anja
AU - Clausen, Tine Dalsgaard
N1 - © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - CONTEXT: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and intrauterine hyperglycemia is suspected to affect offspring cognitive function.OBJECTIVE: We assessed academic performance by grade point average (GPA) in children aged 15-16 years at compulsory school graduation, comparing offspring exposed to GDM (O-GDM) with offspring from the background population (O-BP).DESIGN: Cohort study.SETTING: Register-based.PARTICIPANTS: All singletons born in Denmark between 1994 and 2001 (O-GDM: n=4,286; O-BP: n=501,045). Standardized and internationally comparable GPAs were compared in univariate- and multivariate linear models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted mean difference in GPA. We additionally analyzed the probability of having a high GPA, a GPA below passing, and no GPA registered.RESULTS: O-GDM had a GPA of 6.29 (SD 2.52), while O-BP had a GPA of 6.78 (SD 2.50). The adjusted mean difference was -0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.44; -0.29], corresponding to a Cohens D of 0.14. O-GDM had a lower probability of obtaining a high GPA (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.68 [95 CI 0.59; 0.79]), while their risk of obtaining a GPA below passing was similar to O-BP (aOR 1.20 [95 CI 0.96; 1.50]). O-GDM had a higher risk of not having a GPA registered (aOR of 1.38 [95% CI 1.24; 1.53]).CONCLUSION: Academic performance in O-GDM was marginally lower than in O-BP. However, this difference is unlikely to be of clinical importance.
AB - CONTEXT: The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and intrauterine hyperglycemia is suspected to affect offspring cognitive function.OBJECTIVE: We assessed academic performance by grade point average (GPA) in children aged 15-16 years at compulsory school graduation, comparing offspring exposed to GDM (O-GDM) with offspring from the background population (O-BP).DESIGN: Cohort study.SETTING: Register-based.PARTICIPANTS: All singletons born in Denmark between 1994 and 2001 (O-GDM: n=4,286; O-BP: n=501,045). Standardized and internationally comparable GPAs were compared in univariate- and multivariate linear models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted mean difference in GPA. We additionally analyzed the probability of having a high GPA, a GPA below passing, and no GPA registered.RESULTS: O-GDM had a GPA of 6.29 (SD 2.52), while O-BP had a GPA of 6.78 (SD 2.50). The adjusted mean difference was -0.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.44; -0.29], corresponding to a Cohens D of 0.14. O-GDM had a lower probability of obtaining a high GPA (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.68 [95 CI 0.59; 0.79]), while their risk of obtaining a GPA below passing was similar to O-BP (aOR 1.20 [95 CI 0.96; 1.50]). O-GDM had a higher risk of not having a GPA registered (aOR of 1.38 [95% CI 1.24; 1.53]).CONCLUSION: Academic performance in O-GDM was marginally lower than in O-BP. However, this difference is unlikely to be of clinical importance.
U2 - 10.1210/clinem/dgab451
DO - 10.1210/clinem/dgab451
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34156463
VL - 106
SP - e4554–e4564
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
SN - 0021-972X
IS - 11
ER -
ID: 273032583