Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men
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Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men. / Jensen, Tina Kold; Andersson, Anne-Maria; Jørgensen, Niels; Andersen, Anne-Grethe; Carlsen, Elisabeth; Petersen, Jørgen Holm; Skakkebaek, Niels E.
In: Fertility and Sterility, Vol. 82, No. 4, 10.2004, p. 863-70.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men
AU - Jensen, Tina Kold
AU - Andersson, Anne-Maria
AU - Jørgensen, Niels
AU - Andersen, Anne-Grethe
AU - Carlsen, Elisabeth
AU - Petersen, Jørgen Holm
AU - Skakkebaek, Niels E
PY - 2004/10
Y1 - 2004/10
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and semen quality among young men from the general population.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Danish young men were approached when they attended a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service.PATIENT(S): From 1996-1998, 1,558 (19%) young men (mean age 19 years) volunteered.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Semen volume (in milliliters), sperm concentration (in million per milliliter), percentage of motile spermatozoa, percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology, total sperm count (in million), and testis size (in milliliters). In addition, serum reproductive hormones were measured.RESULT(S): Serum T, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and inhibin B all decreased with increasing BMI, whereas free androgen index and E(2) increased with increasing BMI. Serum FSH was higher among slim men. After control for confounders, men with a BMI <20 kg/m(2) had a reduction in sperm concentration and total sperm count of 28.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.3%-47.9%) and 36.4% (95% CI 14.6%-58.3%), respectively, and men with a BMI >25 kg/m(2) had a reduction in sperm concentration and total sperm count of 21.6% (95% CI 4.0%-39.4%) and 23.9% (95% CI 4.7%-43.2%), respectively, compared to men with BMI between 20-25 kg/m(2). Percentages of normal spermatozoa were reduced, although not significantly, among men with high or low BMI. Semen volume and percentage of motile spermatozoa were not affected by BMI.CONCLUSION(S): High or low BMI was associated with reduced semen quality. It remains to be seen whether the increasing occurrence of obesity in the Western world may contribute to an epidemic of poor semen quality registered in some of the same countries. If so, some cases of subfertility may be preventable.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and semen quality among young men from the general population.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Danish young men were approached when they attended a compulsory physical examination to determine their fitness for military service.PATIENT(S): From 1996-1998, 1,558 (19%) young men (mean age 19 years) volunteered.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Semen volume (in milliliters), sperm concentration (in million per milliliter), percentage of motile spermatozoa, percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology, total sperm count (in million), and testis size (in milliliters). In addition, serum reproductive hormones were measured.RESULT(S): Serum T, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and inhibin B all decreased with increasing BMI, whereas free androgen index and E(2) increased with increasing BMI. Serum FSH was higher among slim men. After control for confounders, men with a BMI <20 kg/m(2) had a reduction in sperm concentration and total sperm count of 28.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.3%-47.9%) and 36.4% (95% CI 14.6%-58.3%), respectively, and men with a BMI >25 kg/m(2) had a reduction in sperm concentration and total sperm count of 21.6% (95% CI 4.0%-39.4%) and 23.9% (95% CI 4.7%-43.2%), respectively, compared to men with BMI between 20-25 kg/m(2). Percentages of normal spermatozoa were reduced, although not significantly, among men with high or low BMI. Semen volume and percentage of motile spermatozoa were not affected by BMI.CONCLUSION(S): High or low BMI was associated with reduced semen quality. It remains to be seen whether the increasing occurrence of obesity in the Western world may contribute to an epidemic of poor semen quality registered in some of the same countries. If so, some cases of subfertility may be preventable.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Alcohol Drinking
KW - Body Mass Index
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Denmark
KW - Estradiol/blood
KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood
KW - Humans
KW - Inhibins/blood
KW - Linear Models
KW - Luteinizing Hormone/blood
KW - Male
KW - Semen/physiology
KW - Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin/metabolism
KW - Smoking
KW - Sperm Count
KW - Sperm Motility/physiology
KW - Testis/physiology
KW - Testosterone/blood
KW - Urban Population
U2 - 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.03.056
DO - 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.03.056
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 15482761
VL - 82
SP - 863
EP - 870
JO - Sexuality, Reproduction and Menopause
JF - Sexuality, Reproduction and Menopause
SN - 1546-2501
IS - 4
ER -
ID: 321163395