TY - JOUR

T1 - Inhalation of hydrogenated vegetable oil combustion exhaust and genotoxicity responses in humans

AU - Scholten, Rebecca Harnung

AU - Essig, Yona J.

AU - Roursgaard, Martin

AU - Jensen, Annie

AU - Krais, Annette M.

AU - Gren, Louise

AU - Dierschke, Katrin

AU - Gudmundsson, Anders

AU - Wierzbicka, Aneta

AU - Moller, Peter

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Biofuels from vegetable oils or animal fats are considered to be more sustainable than petroleum-derived diesel fuel. In this study, we have assessed the effect of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) exhaust on levels of DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as primary outcome, and oxidative stress and inflammation as mediators of genotoxicity. In a randomized cross-over study, healthy humans were exposed to filtered air, inorganic salt particles, exhausts from combustion of HVO in engines with aftertreatment [i.e. emission with nitrogen oxides and low amounts of particulate matter less than 2.5 mu m (approximately 1 mu g/m(3))], or without aftertreatment (i.e. emission with nitrogen oxides and 93 +/- 13 mu g/m(3) of PM2.5). The subjects were exposed for 3 h and blood samples were collected before, within 1 h after the exposure and 24 h after. None of the exposures caused generation of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively damaged DNA, or affected gene expression of factors related to DNA repair (Ogg1), antioxidant defense (Hmox1) or pro-inflammatory cytokines (Ccl2, Il8 and Tnfa) in PBMCs. The results from this study indicate that short-term HVO exhaust exposure is not associated with genotoxic hazard in humans.

AB - Biofuels from vegetable oils or animal fats are considered to be more sustainable than petroleum-derived diesel fuel. In this study, we have assessed the effect of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) exhaust on levels of DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as primary outcome, and oxidative stress and inflammation as mediators of genotoxicity. In a randomized cross-over study, healthy humans were exposed to filtered air, inorganic salt particles, exhausts from combustion of HVO in engines with aftertreatment [i.e. emission with nitrogen oxides and low amounts of particulate matter less than 2.5 mu m (approximately 1 mu g/m(3))], or without aftertreatment (i.e. emission with nitrogen oxides and 93 +/- 13 mu g/m(3) of PM2.5). The subjects were exposed for 3 h and blood samples were collected before, within 1 h after the exposure and 24 h after. None of the exposures caused generation of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively damaged DNA, or affected gene expression of factors related to DNA repair (Ogg1), antioxidant defense (Hmox1) or pro-inflammatory cytokines (Ccl2, Il8 and Tnfa) in PBMCs. The results from this study indicate that short-term HVO exhaust exposure is not associated with genotoxic hazard in humans.

KW - Biofuel

KW - DNA damage

KW - Oxidative stress

KW - Inflammation

KW - Genotoxicity

KW - Aerosol

KW - Controlled human exposure

KW - OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA

KW - 2ND-GENERATION BIODIESEL FUELS

KW - LUNG LAVAGE FLUIDS

KW - DIESEL EXHAUST

KW - AIR-POLLUTION

KW - ULTRAFINE PARTICLES

KW - PARTICULATE MATTER

KW - EMISSION PARTICLES

KW - EPITHELIAL-CELLS

KW - METHYL-ESTER

U2 - 10.1007/s00204-021-03143-8

DO - 10.1007/s00204-021-03143-8

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34468814

VL - 95

SP - 3407

EP - 3416

JO - Archives of Toxicology

JF - Archives of Toxicology

SN - 0340-5761

ER -