Outdoor air pollution and risk for kidney parenchyma cancer in 14 European cohorts

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Documents

  • Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
  • Massimo Stafoggia
  • Gudrun Weinmayr
  • Claudia Galassi
  • Johan Sommar
  • Bertil Forsberg
  • David Olsson
  • Bente Oftedal
  • Norun H. Krog
  • Gunn Marit Aasvang
  • Andrei Pyko
  • Göran Pershagen
  • Michal Korek
  • Ulf De Faire
  • Nancy L. Pedersen
  • Claes-Göran Östenson
  • Laura Fratiglioni
  • Mette Sørensen
  • Kirsten T. Eriksen
  • Petra H. Peeters
  • H. B(as) Bueno-de-Mesquita
  • Michelle Plusquin
  • Timothy J. Key
  • Andrea Jaensch
  • Gabriele Nagel
  • Bernhard Föger
  • Meng Wang
  • Ming-Yi Tsai
  • Sara Grioni
  • Alessandro Marcon
  • Vittorio Krogh
  • Fulvio Ricceri
  • Carlotta Sacerdote
  • Enrica Migliore
  • Ibon Tamayo
  • Pilar Amiano
  • Miren Dorronsoro
  • Ranjeet Sokhi
  • Ingeborg Kooter
  • Kees de Hoogh
  • Rob Beelen
  • Marloes Eeftens
  • Roel Vermeulen
  • Paolo Vineis
  • Bert Brunekreef
  • Gerard Hoek

Several studies have indicated weakly increased risk for kidney cancer among occupational groups exposed to gasoline vapors, engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other air pollutants, although not consistently. It was the aim to investigate possible associations between outdoor air pollution at the residence and the incidence of kidney parenchyma cancer in the general population. We used data from 14 European cohorts from the ESCAPE study. We geocoded and assessed air pollution concentrations at baseline addresses by land-use regression models for particulate matter (PM10 , PM2.5 , PMcoarse , PM2.5 absorbance (soot)) and nitrogen oxides (NO2 , NOx ), and collected data on traffic. We used Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random effects models for meta-analyses to calculate summary hazard ratios (HRs). The 289,002 cohort members contributed 4,111,908 person-years at risk. During follow-up (mean 14.2 years) 697 incident cancers of the kidney parenchyma were diagnosed. The meta-analyses showed higher HRs in association with higher PM concentration, e.g. HR = 1.57 (95%CI: 0.81-3.01) per 5 μg/m(3) PM2.5 and HR = 1.36 (95%CI: 0.84-2.19) per 10(-5) m(-1) PM2.5 absorbance, albeit never statistically significant. The HRs in association with nitrogen oxides and traffic density on the nearest street were slightly above one. Sensitivity analyses among participants who did not change residence during follow-up showed stronger associations, but none were statistically significant. Our study provides suggestive evidence that exposure to outdoor PM at the residence may be associated with higher risk for kidney parenchyma cancer; the results should be interpreted cautiously as associations may be due to chance.

Original languageEnglish
JournalInternational Journal of Cancer
Volume140
Issue number7
Pages (from-to)1528–1537
Number of pages10
ISSN0020-7136
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Apr 2017

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