TY - JOUR

T1 - Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

AU - Westerterp, Klaas R

AU - Yamada, Yosuke

AU - Sagayama, Hiroyuki

AU - Ainslie, Philip N

AU - Andersen, Lene F

AU - Anderson, Liam J

AU - Arab, Lenore

AU - Baddou, Issaad

AU - Bedu-Addo, Kweku

AU - Blaak, Ellen E

AU - Blanc, Stephane

AU - Bonomi, Alberto G

AU - Bouten, Carlijn V C

AU - Bovet, Pascal

AU - Buchowski, Maciej S

AU - Butte, Nancy F

AU - Camps, Stefan G J A

AU - Close, Graeme L

AU - Cooper, Jamie A

AU - Das, Sai K

AU - Cooper, Richard

AU - Dugas, Lara R

AU - Ekelund, Ulf

AU - Entringer, Sonja

AU - Forrester, Terrence

AU - Fudge, Barry W

AU - Goris, Annelies H

AU - Gurven, Michael

AU - Hambly, Catherine

AU - El Hamdouchi, Asmaa

AU - Hoos, Marije B

AU - Hu, Sumei

AU - Joonas, Noorjehan

AU - Joosen, Annemiek M

AU - Katzmarzyk, Peter

AU - Kempen, Kitty P

AU - Kimura, Misaka

AU - Kraus, William E

AU - Kushner, Robert F

AU - Lambert, Estelle V

AU - Leonard, William R

AU - Lessan, Nader

AU - Martin, Corby K

AU - Medin, Anine C

AU - Meijer, Erwin P

AU - Morehen, James C

AU - Morton, James P

AU - Neuhouser, Marian L

AU - Sjödin, Anders Mikael

AU - Wood, Brian M

AU - Wong, William W

AU - Speakman, John R

AU - International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database group

N1 - © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Background: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.Objectives: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.Results: PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively.Conclusions: If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

AB - Background: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.Objectives: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.Results: PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively.Conclusions: If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

KW - Adipose Tissue/metabolism

KW - Adolescent

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Aged, 80 and over

KW - Body Composition

KW - Child

KW - Child, Preschool

KW - Cross-Sectional Studies

KW - Energy Metabolism

KW - Exercise

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Young Adult

KW - Faculty of Science

KW - Physical activity level

KW - Age

KW - Energy expenditure

KW - Body composition

KW - Doubly labeled water

U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34477824

VL - 114

SP - 1583

EP - 1589

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

SN - 0002-9165

IS - 5

ER -