TY - JOUR

T1 - Time Patterns in Internal Human Exposure Data to Bisphenols, Phthalates, DINCH, Organophosphate Flame Retardants, Cadmium and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Europe

AU - Rodriguez Martin, Laura

AU - Gilles, Liese

AU - Helte, Emilie

AU - Åkesson, Agneta

AU - Tägt, Jonas

AU - Covaci, Adrian

AU - Sakhi, Amrit K.

AU - Van Nieuwenhuyse, An

AU - Katsonouri, Andromachi

AU - Andersson, Anna Maria

AU - Gutleb, Arno C.

AU - Janasik, Beata

AU - Appenzeller, Brice

AU - Gabriel, Catherine

AU - Thomsen, Cathrine

AU - Mazej, Darja

AU - Sarigiannis, Denis

AU - Anastasi, Elena

AU - Barbone, Fabio

AU - Tolonen, Hanna

AU - Frederiksen, Hanne

AU - Klanova, Jana

AU - Koponen, Jani

AU - Tratnik, Janja Snoj

AU - Pack, Kim

AU - Gudrun, Koppen

AU - Ólafsdóttir, Kristin

AU - Knudsen, Lisbeth E.

AU - Rambaud, Loïc

AU - Strumylaite, Loreta

AU - Murinova, Lubica Palkovicova

AU - Fabelova, Lucia

AU - Riou, Margaux

AU - Berglund, Marika

AU - Szabados, Maté

AU - Imboden, Medea

AU - Laeremans, Michelle

AU - Eštóková, Milada

AU - Janev Holcer, Natasa

AU - Probst-Hensch, Nicole

AU - Vodrazkova, Nicole

AU - Vogel, Nina

AU - Piler, Pavel

AU - Schmidt, Phillipp

AU - Lange, Rosa

AU - Namorado, Sónia

AU - Kozepesy, Szilvia

AU - Szigeti, Tamás

AU - Halldorsson, Thorhallur I.

AU - Weber, Till

AU - Jensen, Tina Kold

AU - Rosolen, Valentina

AU - Puklova, Vladimira

AU - Wasowicz, Wojciech

AU - Sepai, Ovnair

AU - Stewart, Lorraine

AU - Kolossa-Gehring, Marike

AU - Esteban-López, Marta

AU - Castaño, Argelia

AU - Bessems, Jos

AU - Schoeters, Greet

AU - Govarts, Eva

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Human biomonitoring (HBM) data in Europe are often fragmented and collected in different EU countries and sampling periods. Exposure levels for children and adult women in Europe were evaluated over time. For the period 2000–2010, literature and aggregated data were collected in a harmonized way across studies. Between 2011–2012, biobanked samples from the DEMOCOPHES project were used. For 2014–2021, HBM data were generated within the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. Time patterns on internal exposure were evaluated visually and statistically using the 50th and 90th percentiles (P50/P90) for phthalates/DINCH and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in children (5–12 years), and cadmium, bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in women (24–52 years). Restricted phthalate metabolites show decreasing patterns for children. Phthalate substitute, DINCH, shows a non-significant increasing pattern. For OPFRs, no trends were statistically significant. For women, BPA shows a clear decreasing pattern, while substitutes BPF and BPS show an increasing pattern coinciding with the BPA restrictions introduced. No clear patterns are observed for PAHs or cadmium. Although the causal relations were not studied as such, exposure levels to chemicals restricted at EU level visually decreased, while the levels for some of their substitutes increased. The results support policy efficacy monitoring and the policy-supportive role played by HBM.

AB - Human biomonitoring (HBM) data in Europe are often fragmented and collected in different EU countries and sampling periods. Exposure levels for children and adult women in Europe were evaluated over time. For the period 2000–2010, literature and aggregated data were collected in a harmonized way across studies. Between 2011–2012, biobanked samples from the DEMOCOPHES project were used. For 2014–2021, HBM data were generated within the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. Time patterns on internal exposure were evaluated visually and statistically using the 50th and 90th percentiles (P50/P90) for phthalates/DINCH and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in children (5–12 years), and cadmium, bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in women (24–52 years). Restricted phthalate metabolites show decreasing patterns for children. Phthalate substitute, DINCH, shows a non-significant increasing pattern. For OPFRs, no trends were statistically significant. For women, BPA shows a clear decreasing pattern, while substitutes BPF and BPS show an increasing pattern coinciding with the BPA restrictions introduced. No clear patterns are observed for PAHs or cadmium. Although the causal relations were not studied as such, exposure levels to chemicals restricted at EU level visually decreased, while the levels for some of their substitutes increased. The results support policy efficacy monitoring and the policy-supportive role played by HBM.

KW - bisphenols

KW - cadmium

KW - DINCH

KW - hazardous chemical

KW - human biomonitoring

KW - OPFRs

KW - PAHs

KW - phthalates

U2 - 10.3390/toxics11100819

DO - 10.3390/toxics11100819

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37888670

AN - SCOPUS:85175447527

VL - 11

JO - Toxics

JF - Toxics

SN - 2305-6304

IS - 10

M1 - 819

ER -