TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between vitamin K-1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort

AU - Palmer, Claire R.

AU - Bellinge, Jamie W.

AU - Dalgaard, Frederik

AU - Sim, Marc

AU - Murray, Kevin

AU - Connolly, Emma

AU - Blekkenhorst, Lauren C.

AU - Bondonno, Catherine P.

AU - Croft, Kevin D.

AU - Gislason, Gunnar

AU - Tjonneland, Anne

AU - Overvad, Kim

AU - Schultz, Carl

AU - Lewis, Joshua R.

AU - Hodgson, Jonathan M.

AU - Bondonno, Nicola P.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Reported associations between vitamin K-1 and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality are conflicting. The 56,048 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health prospective cohort study, with a median [IQR] age of 56 [52-60] years at entry and of whom 47.6% male, were followed for 23 years, with 14,083 reported deaths. Of these, 5015 deaths were CVD-related, and 6342 deaths were cancer-related. Intake of vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone) was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and its relationship with mortality outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. A moderate to high (87-192 mu g/d) intake of vitamin K-1 was associated with a lower risk of all-cause [HR (95%CI) for quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.76 (0.72, 0.79)], cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)], and cancer-related mortality [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86)], after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle confounders. The association between vitamin K-1 intake and cardiovascular disease-related mortality was present in all subpopulations (categorised according to sex, smoking status, diabetes status, and hypertension status), while the association with cancer-related mortality was only present in current/former smokers (p for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggest that promoting adequate intakes of foods rich in vitamin K-1 may help to reduce all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality at the population level.

AB - Reported associations between vitamin K-1 and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality are conflicting. The 56,048 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health prospective cohort study, with a median [IQR] age of 56 [52-60] years at entry and of whom 47.6% male, were followed for 23 years, with 14,083 reported deaths. Of these, 5015 deaths were CVD-related, and 6342 deaths were cancer-related. Intake of vitamin K-1 (phylloquinone) was estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and its relationship with mortality outcomes was investigated using Cox proportional hazards models. A moderate to high (87-192 mu g/d) intake of vitamin K-1 was associated with a lower risk of all-cause [HR (95%CI) for quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.76 (0.72, 0.79)], cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)], and cancer-related mortality [quintile 5 vs quintile 1: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86)], after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle confounders. The association between vitamin K-1 intake and cardiovascular disease-related mortality was present in all subpopulations (categorised according to sex, smoking status, diabetes status, and hypertension status), while the association with cancer-related mortality was only present in current/former smokers (p for interaction = 0.002). These findings suggest that promoting adequate intakes of foods rich in vitamin K-1 may help to reduce all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality at the population level.

KW - Phylloquinone

KW - Cardiovascular disease

KW - Cancer

KW - Prospective cohort study

KW - ALL-CAUSE

KW - K INTAKE

KW - PHYLLOQUINONE

KW - DISEASE

KW - MATRIX

KW - DESIGN

KW - FRUIT

KW - RISK

KW - FOOD

KW - MEN

U2 - 10.1007/s10654-021-00806-9

DO - 10.1007/s10654-021-00806-9

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 34591201

VL - 36

SP - 1005

EP - 1014

JO - European Journal of Epidemiology

JF - European Journal of Epidemiology

SN - 0393-2990

ER -