Contribution of income and job strain to the association between education and cardiovascular disease in 1.6 million Danish employees
Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Standard
Contribution of income and job strain to the association between education and cardiovascular disease in 1.6 million Danish employees. / Framke, Elisabeth; Sørensen, Jeppe Karl; Andersen, Per Kragh; Svane-Petersen, Annemette Coop; Alexanderson, Kristina; Bonde, Jens Peter; Farrants, Kristin; Flachs, Esben Meulengracht; Hanson, Linda L. Magnusson; Nyberg, Solja T.; Villadsen, Ebbe; Kivimaki, Mika; Rugulies, Reiner; Madsen, Ida E. H.
In: European Heart Journal, Vol. 41, No. 11, 2020, p. 1164-1178.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Contribution of income and job strain to the association between education and cardiovascular disease in 1.6 million Danish employees
AU - Framke, Elisabeth
AU - Sørensen, Jeppe Karl
AU - Andersen, Per Kragh
AU - Svane-Petersen, Annemette Coop
AU - Alexanderson, Kristina
AU - Bonde, Jens Peter
AU - Farrants, Kristin
AU - Flachs, Esben Meulengracht
AU - Hanson, Linda L. Magnusson
AU - Nyberg, Solja T.
AU - Villadsen, Ebbe
AU - Kivimaki, Mika
AU - Rugulies, Reiner
AU - Madsen, Ida E. H.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - AimsWe examined the extent to which associations between education and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality are attributable to income and work stress.Methods and resultsWe included all employed Danish residents aged 30–59 years in 2000. Cardiovascular disease morbidity analyses included 1 638 270 individuals, free of cardiometabolic disease (CVD or diabetes). Mortality analyses included 41 944 individuals with cardiometabolic disease. We assessed education and income annually from population registers and work stress, defined as job strain, with a job-exposure matrix. Outcomes were ascertained until 2014 from health registers and risk was estimated using Cox regression. During 10 957 399 (men) and 10 776 516 person-years (women), we identified 51 585 and 24 075 incident CVD cases, respectively. For men with low education, risk of CVD was 1.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–1.66] before and 1.46 (95% CI 1.42–1.50) after adjustment for income and job strain (25% reduction). In women, estimates were 1.66 (95% CI 1.61–1.72) and 1.53 (95% CI 1.47–1.58) (21% reduction). Of individuals with cardiometabolic disease, 1736 men (362 234 person-years) and 341 women (179 402 person-years) died from CVD. Education predicted CVD mortality in both sexes. Estimates were reduced with 54% (men) and 33% (women) after adjustment for income and job strain.ConclusionLow education predicted incident CVD in initially healthy individuals and CVD mortality in individuals with prevalent cardiometabolic disease. In men with cardiometabolic disease, income and job strain explained half of the higher CVD mortality in the low education group. In healthy men and in women regardless of cardiometabolic disease, these factors explained 21–33% of the higher CVD morbidity and mortality.
AB - AimsWe examined the extent to which associations between education and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality are attributable to income and work stress.Methods and resultsWe included all employed Danish residents aged 30–59 years in 2000. Cardiovascular disease morbidity analyses included 1 638 270 individuals, free of cardiometabolic disease (CVD or diabetes). Mortality analyses included 41 944 individuals with cardiometabolic disease. We assessed education and income annually from population registers and work stress, defined as job strain, with a job-exposure matrix. Outcomes were ascertained until 2014 from health registers and risk was estimated using Cox regression. During 10 957 399 (men) and 10 776 516 person-years (women), we identified 51 585 and 24 075 incident CVD cases, respectively. For men with low education, risk of CVD was 1.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–1.66] before and 1.46 (95% CI 1.42–1.50) after adjustment for income and job strain (25% reduction). In women, estimates were 1.66 (95% CI 1.61–1.72) and 1.53 (95% CI 1.47–1.58) (21% reduction). Of individuals with cardiometabolic disease, 1736 men (362 234 person-years) and 341 women (179 402 person-years) died from CVD. Education predicted CVD mortality in both sexes. Estimates were reduced with 54% (men) and 33% (women) after adjustment for income and job strain.ConclusionLow education predicted incident CVD in initially healthy individuals and CVD mortality in individuals with prevalent cardiometabolic disease. In men with cardiometabolic disease, income and job strain explained half of the higher CVD mortality in the low education group. In healthy men and in women regardless of cardiometabolic disease, these factors explained 21–33% of the higher CVD morbidity and mortality.
KW - Nationwide study
KW - Universal coverage
KW - Social determinants
KW - Mechanisms
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Cardiovascular mortality
U2 - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz870
DO - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz870
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 31844881
VL - 41
SP - 1164
EP - 1178
JO - European Heart Journal
JF - European Heart Journal
SN - 0195-668X
IS - 11
ER -
ID: 239561308