TY - JOUR

T1 - Outbreak of Mysterious Illness Among Hospital Staff

T2 - Poisoning or Iatrogenic Reinforced Mass Psychogenic Illness?

AU - Jacobsen, Peter

AU - Ebbehøj, Niels Erik

N1 - Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PY - 2016/2

Y1 - 2016/2

N2 - BACKGROUND: Hospitals are rarely reported as settings for mass psychogenic illness (MPI). The present report scrutinizes an outbreak of probable MPI among hospital staff, with medical intervention reinforcing the course of the illness.CASE REPORT: Four of seven staff members in an emergency department became acutely ill with nonspecific symptoms. After uneventful observation they were discharged, but symptoms worsened at reassembly for debriefing. Poisoning with hydrogen sulfide was suspected, and the victims were transferred by helicopter for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. During the following 9 days, 14 possible poisoning victims were identified, 6 of whom were transferred for HBO. After hospital stays with repeated HBO treatment and examinations without identification of significant physical disease, the majority of the 10 HBO-treated victims remained symptomatic, some on prolonged sick leave. The ward was closed for several weeks during comprehensive but negative investigations for toxic chemicals. Clinical data and lack of indication of chemical exposure, together with an attack pattern with only some individuals becoming ill in a shared environment, suggest MPI. Iatrogenic influence from dramatic intervention was probably a strong driving force in the outbreak. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Awareness of MPI may prevent unnecessary and potentially harmful treatment as well as improve health care resilience, particularly with respect to preparedness. Outbreaks of illness in a group of symptomatic victims without indication of significant physical disease should be managed by observation and limited intervention.

AB - BACKGROUND: Hospitals are rarely reported as settings for mass psychogenic illness (MPI). The present report scrutinizes an outbreak of probable MPI among hospital staff, with medical intervention reinforcing the course of the illness.CASE REPORT: Four of seven staff members in an emergency department became acutely ill with nonspecific symptoms. After uneventful observation they were discharged, but symptoms worsened at reassembly for debriefing. Poisoning with hydrogen sulfide was suspected, and the victims were transferred by helicopter for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. During the following 9 days, 14 possible poisoning victims were identified, 6 of whom were transferred for HBO. After hospital stays with repeated HBO treatment and examinations without identification of significant physical disease, the majority of the 10 HBO-treated victims remained symptomatic, some on prolonged sick leave. The ward was closed for several weeks during comprehensive but negative investigations for toxic chemicals. Clinical data and lack of indication of chemical exposure, together with an attack pattern with only some individuals becoming ill in a shared environment, suggest MPI. Iatrogenic influence from dramatic intervention was probably a strong driving force in the outbreak. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Awareness of MPI may prevent unnecessary and potentially harmful treatment as well as improve health care resilience, particularly with respect to preparedness. Outbreaks of illness in a group of symptomatic victims without indication of significant physical disease should be managed by observation and limited intervention.

U2 - 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.10.011

DO - 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.10.011

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 26553502

VL - 50

SP - e47-52

JO - The Journal of Emergency Medicine (Philadelphia)

JF - The Journal of Emergency Medicine (Philadelphia)

SN - 0736-4679

IS - 2

ER -