TY - JOUR

T1 - Multiple air pollutant exposure and lung cancer in Tehran, Iran

AU - Khorrami, Zahra

AU - Pourkhosravani, Mohsen

AU - Rezapour, Maysam

AU - Etemad, Koorosh

AU - Taghavi-Shahri, Seyed Mahmood

AU - Kuenzli, Nino

AU - Amini, Heresh

AU - Khanjani, Narges

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Lung cancer is the most rapidly increasing malignancy worldwide with an estimated 2.1 million cancer cases in the latest, 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of air pollution and lung cancer, in Tehran, Iran. Residential area information of the latest registered lung cancer cases that were diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 (N=1,850) were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of Tehran. Long-term average exposure to PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and BTEX in 22 districts of Tehran were estimated using land use regression models. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate multi-pollutant exposure profiles. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollutants and lung cancer incidence. The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were mostly in downtown and around the railway station. Districts with a higher concentration for NOx (IRR=1.05, for each 10 unit increase in air pollutant), benzene (IRR=3.86), toluene (IRR=1.50), ethylbenzene (IRR=5.16), p-xylene (IRR=9.41), o-xylene (IRR=7.93), m-xylene (IRR=2.63) and TBTEX (IRR=1.21) were significantly associated with higher lung cancer incidence. Districts with a higher multiple air-pollution profile were also associated with more lung cancer incidence (IRR=1.01). Our study shows a positive association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence. This association was stronger for, respectively, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, m-xylene and toluene.

AB - Lung cancer is the most rapidly increasing malignancy worldwide with an estimated 2.1 million cancer cases in the latest, 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of air pollution and lung cancer, in Tehran, Iran. Residential area information of the latest registered lung cancer cases that were diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 (N=1,850) were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of Tehran. Long-term average exposure to PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and BTEX in 22 districts of Tehran were estimated using land use regression models. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate multi-pollutant exposure profiles. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollutants and lung cancer incidence. The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were mostly in downtown and around the railway station. Districts with a higher concentration for NOx (IRR=1.05, for each 10 unit increase in air pollutant), benzene (IRR=3.86), toluene (IRR=1.50), ethylbenzene (IRR=5.16), p-xylene (IRR=9.41), o-xylene (IRR=7.93), m-xylene (IRR=2.63) and TBTEX (IRR=1.21) were significantly associated with higher lung cancer incidence. Districts with a higher multiple air-pollution profile were also associated with more lung cancer incidence (IRR=1.01). Our study shows a positive association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence. This association was stronger for, respectively, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, m-xylene and toluene.

KW - LONG-TERM EXPOSURE

KW - RESPIRATORY HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS

KW - EASTERN MEGACITY TEHRAN

KW - USE REGRESSION-MODELS

KW - AMBIENT AIR

KW - HEALTH

KW - MORTALITY

KW - DISEASE

KW - COHORT

KW - ASSOCIATIONS

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-021-88643-4

DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-88643-4

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 33927268

VL - 11

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

SN - 2045-2322

IS - 1

M1 - 9239

ER -